Calcium

Calcium is structural, but not passive.

It is central to bone composition, but also participates in signaling processes across muscle and cellular systems.

At a high level, evaluation comes down to three signals:

• Form (carbonate, citrate, etc.) — differences in absorption and tolerability
• Dose distribution — how intake is divided and absorbed
• Interaction context — relationship with vitamin D and magnesium

Calcium is often taken as a standalone input.
Its function is not standalone.

Balance determines how it is used.
Excess does not ensure benefit.