Copper

Copper is defined by its role as an enzymatic cofactor.

It is central to oxidative stress management and electron transport, which influences how its levels are regulated.

At a high level, evaluation comes down to three signals:

• Enzymatic function — essential for cytochrome c oxidase and SOD
• Redox regulation — involvement in managing oxidative balance
• Mineral synergy — the critical relationship with zinc and iron

Copper sits at the edge of deficiency and toxicity.

It does not act in isolation.

Its role is regulatory rather than structural.
Concentration shapes function.